To create the inside line you go to Appearance in the side bar and create a new stroke (image of appearance icon below) if the appearance option is not available go into Window>Appearance>Add New Stroke. After that you can edit the stroke's weight and colour, to move it away from the orange line you into the FX menu> Path> Offset Path. Repeat for feet of rocket.
The pattern was created by creating a single square from two rectangles and then made in Object>Pattern>Make.
After both have been completed I grouped all shapes together and created a drop shadow for them which can also be found in the FX menu.
Finally, for the porthole in the rocket I used the same technique as the rocket body but with playing with the fill option.


Texture was the next step for the pear which you can create by image trace and creating a clipping mask between it and the image so the texture locks onto the shape of the pear.
I do like the end result for each however I would love to experiment with making a more realistic 3d object next now that I know what I am doing.
I also want to play around with pattern making on illustrator and see what designs I could make.